Філіппінський досвід: нелегально вирубана деревина перетворена на 146 000 шкільних парт
Є багато країн, які борються із незаконними вирубками деревини. Філіппіни знайшли унікальний і економічний спосіб вирішення проблеми, у якому задіяні пилорами Wood-Mizer.
When logs are illegally felled and transported to other countries, this denies local Philippines the benefit of their own good timber.
Over the last few years, the Philippines has made great efforts to curb illegal logging. Aerial and water borne surveillance assist in determining where agents will make raids on suspicious activities, while road checkpoints target timber in transit. These activities have resulted in the confiscation of illegally-logged timber and the prosecution of those responsible.
A pile of apprehended logs lies exposed to the element. Without a salvage plan, they would rot.
Through these raids and checkpoint stops, approximately 66000 cubic meters (28.5 million bd. ft.) of high quality timber was confiscated from 2010 to 2014 alone.
У XX столітті через безконтрольну вирубку дерев Філіппіни втратили більшу частину своїх чудових лісів. Нещодавно уряд запровадив нову політику, яка зупинила тенденцію до зникнення лісового покриву, але ліси, що залишилися, як і раніше знаходяться під загрозою через незаконні вирубки.
Confiscated logs were rotting in the elements by the millions of board feet, before the program to salvage them was launched.
While many logs are caught before they are transported, the government keeps the logs outdoors, subject to rain and excess sunlight, causing the logs to rot until they are unsalvageable. Such a resource should not be wasted by the very process set up by the government to serve the people—and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) determined to find a way to use these logs for the Filipino community before they lost their purpose.
“I hope that the forest will once again become green, just like 50 years ago." Dr. Dwight Eusebio
And this is not a problem only confined to the Philippines. As countries worldwide in Asia, Africa and South America fight back against deforestation and illegal logging, the problem of what to do with the confiscated timber is a pressing issue. The whole point of anti-illegal logging programs is to preserve our resource for the future. So what about the timber already cut and intercepted? As officials in the Philippines watched these beautiful timbers rotting, they came up with an idea that the rest of the world would do well to pay attention to.
Коли дерева вирубуються нелегально, а деревина контрабандою вивозиться до інших країн, це означає, що філіппінський народ втрачає своє природне багатство.
Dr. Dwight Eusebio demonstrates a finished chair.
The mission of DENR, TESDA, DepEd and PAGCOR was simple. They wanted to take the logs that had been confiscated, salvage them, mill them, and create school tables and chairs for local schools. They began by cutting the wood and sending it away to be refurbished, but eventually they were able to begin manufacturing the furniture themselves. It was a complete turnaround for the Filipino community. The Forest Products and Development Institute-Department of Science and Technology (FPRDI-DOST) was also tapped by DENR to convert confiscated logs into lumber and transported them to TESDA, Agusan del Sur.
The report entitled: ‘Sawmilling of Ten Million Board Feet of Logs and Flitches in CARAGA for Use of DepEd in the Manufacture of School Desks and Chairs’
A collaborative project between DENR and FPRDI-DOST entitled: ‘Sawmilling of Ten Million Board Feet of Logs and Flitches in CARAGA for Use of DepEd in the Manufacture of School Desks and Chairs’
A collaborative project between DENR and FPRDI-DOST entitled: ‘Sawmilling of Ten Million Board Feet of Logs and Flitches in CARAGA for Use of DepEd in the Manufacture of School Desks and Chairs’ was implented. Ten million board feet is more than 23,000 cubic meters of wood! And this is just from the Caraga region of the Philippines – a fraction of the whole country.
Wood-Mizer uses thin-kerf blade technology to reduce waste to the absolute minimum during the processing of logs into a finished product.
За останні кілька років Філіппіни доклали чимало зусиль для припинення незаконних вирубок. Спостереження з повітря та з водних шляхів допомагає визначити, де відбувається підозріла діяльність, а контрольно-пропускні пункти на дорогах націлені на затримання перевізників-контрабандистів. В результаті незаконно заготовлена деревина конфіскується, а винних притягають до відповідальності.
Workers convert illegally-logged timber into components for school desks and chairs.
Завдяки цим заходам з 2010 до 2014 року було вилучено близько 66.000 кубометрів високоякісної деревини.
A finished school desk built to last for many generations of students.
Конфіскована деревина зберігалася по всій території Філіппін, як правило, неподалік того місця, де вона була перехоплена. Колоди лежали на відкритому повітрі, під дощем, на сонці, що призвело б до гниття і розсихання деревного матеріалу. Це ненормально, коли такий цінний ресурс пропадає саме під час затіяних процедур урядом на користь суспільству.
The use of 10 Wood-Mizer mobile sawmills allowed for salvage projects to take place anywhere in the Philippines.
Посадовці зіткнулися з проблемою: що робити з розкиданими по всьому острову масивними запасами високоякісної деревини, щоб уникнути її псування? І вони придумали, як використовувати ці колоди з користю для справи.
На той час державні школи на Філіппінах потребували 2,5 мільйонів стільців.
У 2010 році на Філіппінах розпочали проект, згідно з яким вилучені урядом колоди стали матеріалом для виробництва шкільних парт та стільців.
Wood-Mizer uses thin-kerf blade technology to reduce waste to the absolute minimum during the processing of logs into a finished product.
“In the new rules by KFS, saw millers licensed to cut trees in gazetted forests must use the Wood-Mizer machine as opposed to ordinary saws. KFS says the new machine produces more timber from a log than ordinary ones.” (http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/04/22/sawmillers-unhappy-with-logging-rules_c1336655)
З 2011 року було вироблено понад 146 000 комплектів шкільних меблів, а 369 шкільних будівель було відремонтовано з використанням конфіскованих лісоматеріалів.
Better sawmill technology = a better outlook for forestry sustainability.
Eusebio concludes. “I hope that the forest will once again become green, just like 50 years ago. If you look at the statistics, it’s very sad to learn that we have very few forested areas left. But now the number is going back up because of the National Greening Program.”
After six years of nonstop processing of illegally felled trees and production of something better for the economy and the environment, the National Greening Program and DENR were able to work and not only build thousands of chairs and tables, but also find a way to grow and manage the forests around them.
Після того, як прийняли цей проект, було вирішено придбати п'ять перевізних стрічковопилкових верстатів Wood-Mizer. Наразі їх задіяно вже десять, і вони працюють по всій країні. Верстати привозять у місця, де складені незаконно вирубані стволи дерев, і там, прямо біля дороги або в лісі, верстати Wood-Mizer розпилюють колоди на дошку.
10 Wood-Mizer sawmills allowed the project to be successful in salvaging the millions of board feet of wood into high quality timber for the school desks.
Workers convert illegally-logged timber into components for school desks and chairs.
Important to remember though is that many illegal loggers are not large corporations – they’re simple farmers or villagers who do not have many opportunities to generate income.
“A lot of illegal loggers are simple people who are mainly trying to feed their own children. Especially for our upland dwellers, wood is their source of income that allows their children to go to school.” shares Teodulfo Delgado, Engineer with the College of Forests & Natural Resources in Los Banos, Philippines. Hand-in-hand with enforcement of anti-illegal logging regulation needs to come provisions for better economic development.
Additional Sources & references:
• http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/180877/seized-logs-to-find-use-as-chairs-tables-for-schools
• http://www.philstar.com/good-news/774042/chairs-public-schools-illegal-logs
• http://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2015/05/15/1454993/denr-7-illegal-tree-cutting-still-rampant
• http://www.denr.gov.ph/news-and-features/latest-news/2056-denr-optimistic-to-achieve-zero-illegal-logging-hotspot-target-by-2016.html
• http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/09/10/14/denr-taps-nbi-fight-vs-illegal-logging